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Problem 4: Water flows through a pipe whose internal diameter is 2.0 cm at a speed of 1.0 ms-1. What should be the diameter of the nozzle if water is to emerge at a speed of 4.0 ms-1.

Solution

Given            Internal diameter = 2.0 cm => internal radius = r1 = 1.0 cm = 0.01 m

                       Speed of water in the pipe = v1 = 1.0 ms-1

                       Speed of efflux = v2 = 4.0 ms-1

Required                        Diameter of the nozzle =?

Formula                          Equation of continuity states

Where v1 is the velocity at cross-sectional area A1 and v2 is the velocity of water at cross-sectional area A2.

Now cross-sectional area is related to the radius as A = πr2. Therefore, cross-sectional area of the pipe

Cross-sectional area of the nozzle

Put all these values in the formula

Therefore, diameter of the nozzle should be

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